Water-circulating device.



110,829,970. 7 PATENTED SEPT. 4, 1906. 0. KUNERT.

WATER OIROUL'ATING DEVICE.

APPLIUATION IILED 00T.26. 1905.

2 SHEBTS-SHEET 1.

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N0- 829,9'70. PATENTED SEPT. 4, 1906.

O. KUNERT.

WATER UIRCULATING DEVICE.

APPLIOATIONIILED O0T.26,1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W A 05% $4M I fi UNITED srArns OTTO KUNERT, OFv BRESLAU, GERMANY WATER-CIRCULATING DEVICE.

Application filed October 2 To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Orro KUNERT, a subject of the King of Prussia, German Emperor, residing at Breslau, in the German Empire, have invented certain new and useful lVater- Circulating Devices, of which the following is a specification.

This invention-relates to improvements in means for producing automatic counter-currents and water circulation in steam-boilers.

The action of the hitherto-known devices for causing movement or circulation of the water in steam-boilers is based chiefly on the following applications of the force present in the rising steam-bubbles, viz: first, the adaptation of the rising bubbles as a piston pushing against the water above or in front thereof; secondly, a sucking action on the water of the circulating steam similar. to that taking place in ejectors, and, thirdly, the conduction of water from receptacles situated above the surface of the boilerwater, said water being mechanically carried into said receptacles by the rising steambubble. All the arrangements acting in the above manner alone or combined have one feature in common-that is, steam against or on the water only takes place once; but in the device constructed according to the present invention and hereinafter described the steam, which in the known manner is collected and compressed in a hollow chamber below the water-level, is caused to repeatedly act on the water with fresh attacking force thereof. This repeated action is produced not so much in the manner as it were of a piston pushing through the water, but by creating friction of the steam on the water pressed back thereby, and thus producing a current in the water. This may be compared to an assumed arrangement consisting of a chain of light buoyant bodies energetically moved on the surface of the water whereby a single body, by means of upper resistance, is repeatedly forced to become immersed'below the surface of the water at one time deeply and at another time less deeply.

The invention is represented in the an nexed drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is a cross-section of a doubleflue cylindrical boiler partly on the line A A and partly on the line B B of Fig. 2. 2 is a partial vertical longitudinal section of a flue or flame-tube provided with the baffle and cap. Fig. 3 is a plan view of said cap.

Specification of Letters Patent.

the action of to cause movement Fig.

Patented Sept. 4, 1906.

6, 1905. Serial No. 284.542.

Fig. 4 is a cross-section of a flame-tube boiler provided with the improvements on two different planes, as in Fig. 1 and Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section, on a reduced scale, of a double-flue boiler with four pairs of adjacent the direction of water circulation;

The improved apparatus comprises, first, a casing or baffle a put together and fixed in a suitable manner and having closed front or end surfaces. This baffle surrounds for a suitable width and depth one or more flamepose of collecting the rising steam-bubbles and conducting them to the cap or dome,

the apparatus comprises the steam-cap c, which is divided by walls 6 into a plurality of chambers, the dome being open at its lower part for reception of the steam rising below the baffle, baffle-opening. At its front end the cap 1s provided with angular or rounded outletnozzles d, the rising ends of which, (1, are open below and the lateral direction of which is so arranged that currents are produced at these oints and distributed over the surface of the boiler-water.

The process producing the counter-currents and circulation is as follows: The steam is collected in the caps c therefrom to the depth of the partitions b that is to say, until the orifices of the nozzles d are freed. The difierence of height of the water columns in the interior and exterior of steam is forced to the exterior. Therefore as it presses downward on the water it works itself through below the walls I) of the cap and b of the outlet-nozzles. The number, position, and shape of these walls may vary according to requirements. For instance, they may be vertical or inclined and straight or curved and plain at the lower part or enlarged into a flat, bent, or corrugated surface. The curved and enlarged curved lower ends of these walls I) and b, as shown in the annexed drawings, also produce a continuous change of shape of the steam-bubble passing below the walls whereby this bubble is caused devices acting in one direction and showing tubes or fines of a boiler and is for the purhereinafter described. The second part of;

the cap strongly closing the by displacing the water the cap produces the pressure with which the y to act more energetically and driving the water contained in the cap and tubes than if the bubble always passed over the water in the same sha e. The forcing of the steam belowthe wa ls and the varying resistance acts by means of the friction exercised on the rection, as shown,

'nels d.

would be formed accordingto physical verging direction surface of the water, not only forcing forward the water toward the outletppenings, but also causing fluctuations of the water-level below the cap, these fluctuations alsotaka ing place below the baflle. By this means the water forced from below through the baffle is brought to considerable velocity and acts by friction to more energetically loosen the incrustation than if only a uniform slow upward-flowing stream existed, replacing the water passed away and evaporated. If,-for instance, a steam-bubble has passed thefirst wall I; it will pass upward into the next chamber and force the water from the latter downward and the steam in front next the following wall will, by changing the cross-section of the bubble being formed, flow below the next wall in the same mannerthat is to say, force water downward and forward. In this man-; ner production of steam is effected within the cap and a repeated stronger and weaker moving on and forcing upward of the same steam against thewater, and the frictional attack of this steam on the watenis thusrenewed. and multiplied. 'In asimilarmannerj and with analogous efl'ect thesteamescapes through the nozzles, forcing water to the ex.- terior below their undulated walls and over the edge. The water flowing out at (1 acts naturally and forces forward'thefree boilerwater, which flowsinto the channel (1, open below. Since, however, the water passing rom the spacesurroundedby:thebaffle and cap has been exposedto the direct action of the heat within the'flues or flame-tubes, it is hotter, and consequently lighter, than the free boiler-water, and therefore it is not distributed unconditionally in the-boiler, but flows energetically upward and is therefore in closedby the sides of thechannel d. Since; this channel (1 has an upwardly inclined di-g the waterflows in the same, direction and also actsto :form currents on! the boiler-water flowing frombelow into the! channel. It is alsoreinforced bythe steam simultaneously escaping, the latter, however, being held in the channel d and compelled to; pass away in a slightly-ascending almost hori-l zontal direction. The -friction exerted by the steam on the water-is also hereiincreasedl 'in a similar way as in the caps-by giving thei channels step-like :formation, so that the: steam-bubbles are caused to continuously? undergo a change of sha e. It will there-f fore be seen that a flowo water led in ade termined direction must issue from the chan- If the outlet-nozzles are arranged in a parallel direction and in thesame plane and force the water out in a single line of flow, 1 parallel counter-currents in the same plane laws. The present arrangement, therefore, of a diof the nozzles. effects a production of currents in a lateral direction, and,

boiler. apparatus after the other sucks water in through the rear, but below from therefore causes the whole upper part of the 165 water in the boiler to the full width of the latter to flow in the desired direction.

The number and arrangement of the caps and the direction of current to be produced thereby depends upon the nature and force of the effect desired. For instance, one cap only could be used arranged in at a suitable distance from the end of the boiler with its outlet direction either toward the front or rear end thereof. Similarly to thisiarrangement several caps, either arranged closely behind one another, as shown in Fig. 5, or arranged with intermediate spaces between them and in which the direction of current of all the caps is either toward the front or rear end of the boiler, or in various different directions, or by bringing the water from thecenter of the boiler into circulation toward. both ends of the boiler, or by bringing'it into circulation from both ends oftheboiler toward the center. In every case one-or more determined current directions are therefore obtained. Where the current thus. produced impingesagainst some resisting object-for instance, the backend of the boiler, (as in Fig. 5a heaping of Water takes place, which by the action of pressure must continue downward and form currents-that is to say, in the lower parts of the boiler-water thereis a current of the same quantity of-water. back in the opposite direction, and circulation or counter-currents are thus produced in :the From. this return. flowing .below one order to replace the water passed .away exhausters. and evaporated ,1 and a reduction, and subsequently a consumption, of the lower current takes place, soithat the latter when arrived at the end ofits vertical course is either completely sucked away or, as far as it still exists, isforced to assume a rising direction. Obviously :the

deposits of mud will take place where :the weakest current exists or where the latter is caused to take anascending direction so that according to the arrangement of the outlet direction of the nozzlesit is possiblelto effect this deposit of mud. at any desiredpart of the boiler. With the currents thuspro- .duced, which, for instance, as shown iniFig.

5: of the upper. part, extend for the'full width of the boiler and pass fromthefrontto the the rear to the front, and which simultaneously circulate about the boiler-tubes from above and below,.-the complete distribution of temperature of'the boiler-water must take place.

Considering the above arrangements and the effects produced thereby, the present apparatus compared with hitherto-known means for the same purposeis distinguished by the fact that, first, the circulation of the water is not obtained by a pushing,

sucking, or carrying up of the water, but by flow of same in the direction of the steamoutflow by the arrangement that at one time a more rigid or vigorous and at another time a more elastic pressure of the steam or the water takes place; secondly, that by the construction and arrangement of the apparatus a longitudinal and return current from the front toward the rear and from the rear toward the front and at the same time transverse currents from above and below are produced, the latter with varying or intermittent velocity; thirdly, that the same steam is repeatedly used, each time acting on the water, and that the circulation of water is commenced within the cap; fourthly, that a distribution of the current over the whole surface of the boiler-water is produced, and therefore prevents the formation of parallel counter-currents in the same plane, and, flfthly, that the deposit of mud can be caused to take place at any desired part of the bottom of the boiler.

I claim as my invention 1. In a steam-boiler the combination with a flue of a baflie forming a chamber partially surrounding said flue, a cap in communication with said chamber and divided into a number of compartments and outlet-nozzles in communication with said cap and adapted to discharge in the longitudinal direction of the boiler said nozzles being partly open below substantially as described for the purpose set forth.

2. In a steam-boiler the combination with a flue of a baffle forming a chamber partially surrounding said flue, a cap in communication with said chamber and divided into a number of compartments and outlet-nozzles in communication with said cap and adapted to discharge in the longitudinal direction of the boiler, said nozzles being partly open below and having an upwardly-inclined direction substantially as described for the purpose set forth.

3. In a steam-boiler the combination with a flue of a baffle forming a chamber partially surrounding said flue, a cap in communication with said chamber and divided into a number of compartments and outlet-nozzles in communication with said cap and adapted to discharge in the longitudinal direction of the boiler said nozzles being partly open below and having an upwardly-inclined and laterally-diverging direction substantially as described for the purpose set forth.

4. In a steam-boiler the combination with a flue of a baflie forming a chamber partially surrounding said flue, a cap in communication with said chamber and divided into a number of compartments and outlet-nozzles in communication with said cap and adapted to discharge in the longitudinal direction of the boiler said nozzles being partly open below and having an upwardly-inclined and laterally-diverging direction, and being provided with step-like upper surfaces substantially as described for the purpose set forth.

5. In a steam-boiler the combination with a flue of a battle forming a chamber partially inclosing said flue and having closed ends, a cap in communication with said chamber at its lower part, transverse downwardly-extending partitions in said cap, outlet-nozzles in communication with said cap and adapted to discharge in the longitudinal direction of the boiler and downwardly-extending partitions in said nozzles, the latter being partly open below, having an upwardly-inclined and laterally-diverging direction and being provided with step-like upper surfaces substantially as described for the purpose set forth.

In witness whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two witnesses.

OTTO KUNERT.

Witnesses:

A. N. MAN, ERNEST KATZ. 

